Non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias

For almost a hundred years, the primary way to diagnose a patient with cardiac arrhythmia has been using a standard electrocardiogram (ECG). This technique allows the detection of these pathologies, but it is hardly helpful to identify the most appropriate treatment for each patient. In recent years, a new technology called Electrocardiographic Imaging (ECGi) has been developed. ECGi allows the maps of cardiac activity to be viewed non-invasively, without the need for surgery or catheters. It is known as the “ECG of the 21st century”. However, it has a major drawback: it requires the patient to have a combined CT and ECGi scan, which limits its use only to highly complex patients and in leading centres worldwide.

Now, a study by a team from the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) and the company Corify Care has opened a new way to help clinicians and make ECGi a routine clinical application tool.

In their work, published in the Journal of Electrocardiology, they evaluated the possibilities of using ECGi without CT/MRI to detect atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In Spain alone, more than 1 million people suffer from this arrhythmia. It is estimated that there are more than 40 million worldwide. Their proposal makes it possible to locate patients’ hearts and obtain maps of electrical activity quickly.

The UPV and CorifyCare team analysed surface signals from 25 patients with atrial fibrillation and compared the effect of using ECGi with imaging techniques and their proposed ECGI with an estimated cardiac geometry based on the anatomical characteristics of the patient’s torso.

Their results validate non-imaging ECGi as a robust technique for the non-invasive assessment of atrial fibrillation, demonstrating that it can provide detailed information about the electrical activity of the heart in a much more comprehensive way than conventional ECGs. “This will help to detect and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias more accurately and to plan the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in the operating theatre more efficiently, as they provide precise information on the location and extent of the arrhythmias,” adds Dr María Guillem, a researcher in the COR-Instituto ITACA group at the Universitat Politècnica de València.

Rubén Molero, also a researcher in the COR-Instituto ITACA group at the Universitat Politècnica de València, adds that, in addition to reducing patients’ exposure to ionising radiation such as CT scans to obtain their cardiac geometry, this technique also reduces the time and costs of this technology, “making it more universal and facilitating its introduction into clinical practice”.

This technology, patented before its publication, is being developed and is starting its commercial phases from the spin-off Corify Care, the winner, among others, of the award for best European innovation of the year 2020 by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology.

As Andreu Climent, researcher of the study and CEO of the company, points out, “the ability to obtain maps of the heart’s electrical activity in a few minutes and safely allows progress, both in atrial fibrillation and in many other arrhythmias, to increase the accuracy of invasive procedures”.

The study has been developed in the framework of different projects funded by the Generalitat Valenciana Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology in Health (EIT-Health).

Reference

Molero R, González-Ascaso A, Climent AM, Guillem MS. Robustness of imageless electrocardiographic imaging against uncertainty in atrial morphology and location. J Electrocardiol. 2023 Jan 3;77:58-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2022.12.007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36634462.

Source: UPV’s Information Office